An Analysis Of Figurative Language In Oral Literature Used In Lodong Me

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

IN ORAL LITERATURE USED IN LODONG ME

TRADITIONAL CEREMONY IN BOLA SUBDISTRICT

OF SIKKA REGENCY

 

Lusiana Mariyeta Balik

Sisilia Wahyu Wati

Universitas Nusa Nipa

 

ABSTRACT

Figurative language is one with its literally incompatible terms, forcing the readers to attend the connotation rather than the denotation. A good figurative language is words used not in literal sense but of what the writer’s feel, sense, taste, expression, and purpose. This research is descriptive qualitative research design. This research is carried out in order to know the general meaning of language used in Lodong Me traditional ceremony based on lexical meaning and contextual meaning, to describe types of figurative language used in Lodong Me ceremony and to discover the dominant types of figurative language in Lodong Me ceremony especially in Wolokoli’s tradition. The data obtained through interview the three informants. Data classified into some categories based on figure of speech referred by Tarigan, those were comparison, contras, relationship an repetition. The result show that there are eleven figures of speech used in Lodong Me traditional ceremony. Those can be detailed, based on comparisons consist of four figures of speech namely simile, metaphor, antithesis and allegory. Based on contras consist of two figures of speech namely hyperbole an apostrophe. Based on relationships consist of three figures of speech namely metonymy, synecdoche and symbolism. Based on repetitions consist of two figure of speech namely alliteration and assonance. From the eleven figures of speech used in Lodong Me ceremony metaphor was dominant used in Lodong Me ceremony.

Keywords: Figurative Language, Oral Literature, Lodong Me

 

Introduction

In Sikka Regency, many cultural heritages still exist until now, such as folk music, legend, traditional dances, traditional songs, and traditional ceremonies. For the people in Sikka Regency, communicating and sharing ideas can be expressed in many ways, for instance in traditional ceremony. In traditional ceremony there are some figurative languages are used, including in Lodong Me ceremony held by people in Bola Sub distric Wolokoli Village.

Figurative language is one with its literally incompatible terms, forcing the readers to attend the connotation rather than the denotation. A good figurative language is words used not in literal sense but of what the writer’s feel, sense, taste, expression, and purpose. Figurative languages have some elements. They are metaphor, simile, personification, paradox, hyperbole, apostrophe, and metonymy (Kennedy, 1983:481). It is not intended to be interpreted in literal sense. This sense is the interpretation of the new word in which it connects another word. Figurative language compares two things in such a way that is the comparison interesting in order to interpretation.

In Bola tradition especially in Wolokoli Village, there exists Lodong Me ceremony as a traditional ceremony. This ceremony is a ritual to bring the baby out from the house. People in Wolokoli Village believewhen the baby was born should be carried out the house by his or her mother, has done a traditional ceremony that known is Lodong Me. In Lodong Me ceremony there are many figurative languages that are difficult to be understood by common people because the words or utterances that are used different from daily language. Only certain person can understand the meaning of traditional language used in Lodong Me ceremony, that is master of ceremony and the people who has high knowledge about literature of Sikka language.

Review of Related Literature

The first research was done by Sharndama and Suleiman from Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University of Wukari, Nigeria. They Studied about An analysis of figurative languages in two selected traditional funeral songs of the Kilba people of Adamawa State. The research aimed to identify the common figurative languages used in the performance of the Kilba funeral songs. This research selects two texts as subject to be analyzed using descriptive and discursive approach. The result revealed that figurative languages such as metaphors, simile, imageries, symbolisms, rhetorical questions among others abound in Kilba traditional funeral song. The uses of figurative expressions in the composition of the songs are fastened on the history, traditions, and culture of the Kilba people.

The second literature related to this research is “Figurative Language In Monolog Text of Sungkeman (Evoking for Blessing) Script, The Tradition of Sundanese Wedding Ceremony” written by Anggrarini. Her study aimed to knowing how the figurative language used in series of words arranged by the expert of Sundanese language. The concept of metaphor used to construct the interpretation for the hearer. The result showed that Monolog Sungkemanin Sundanese wedding ceremony is fulfilled with figurative language aimed to arouse the emotional expression to the couple and the audience. The Monolog of Sungkemanin Sundanese wedding ceremony is done by master of ceremony and usually use a lot of figurative languages to create meaningful interpretation for the hearer.

According to Daniel (2004:p43), the meaning is also the intentions or ideas of speaker or writer about meaning given in the form of language. In other hand, Cowie (2009:6-10) said that there are two part in meaning, cited by Masruri (2011); Multiple meaning: meaning are not always confined to simple words, and as rule, the forms of these words do not reliably indicated the meaning and meaningful relation; It is have interpreted on the basis of the relationship between lexical items and the meanings. In addition there are some types of meaning stated by Geoffrey Leech (1983:pp9-20): conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflective meaning, collective meaning, thematic meaning. It can be concluded meaning is something stated behind the sentence and word that is why need deep interpretation if it in figurative language.

 

 

Figurative language

Figurative language is language that is usually used by the writer or speaker to state their thought, feeling and emotion concerning with one thing to some deviation figure of language that are used in daily life.

Rozakis (1995: p28) says “Figurative language is saying one thing in terms of another”. It means that figurative language is an expression used by person or the author indirectly by using the comparison. Furthermore In addition, Kennedy (1991:584) argues that “A figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words.” Figures of speech are not devices to state what is demonstrably untrue. Indeed they often state truths that more literal language cannot communicate; they call attention to such truths; they lend them emphasis.

In line with Keraf (2009:p113) figurative language or language style is a way of showing mind through a special language that shows the soul and the characteristic of the writer or language user.

Lodong Me Traditional ceremony in Wolokoli Village

Wolokoli is one of villages in Bola Subdistric Sikka Regency of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Culture customs of this village still exist and still be inherited by generation to generation. In this village, there are several cultures that still exist today, such as manufacture of crockery, manufacture of fabric sarong, traditional language, Hegong Dance and traditional ceremony.

One of traditions in Sikka Regency especially for people of Wolokoli Village is Lodong me. Lodong me consist of two syllables that is Lodong and Me.Lodong mean go down and me means the child, in this case refers to (the new baby born). Lodong Me is a ritual that usually held by the family which has the new baby born.

M.Mandalangi Pareira (1988:p31) giving the definition that Lodong Me is a ceremony to bring the baby out from house. He said that based on tradition, the baby born must carried by his or her mother out from house and made with traditional ceremony.

There are three steps in this ritual that is wur awu, sedon teren and huler wair. Every steps has the oral literature which having a form of advice. This ritual is usually done by Du’a Mo’an {the people who has knowledge about the ceremony of Lodong Me}. This ritual is held to announce other family and people that the family have had new baby. Lodong me is also viewed as an symbol thanking and respect to the God as source of life and the ancestor. People believe after this ritual was done, the baby will be shaded by God and the ancestor. The existence of the baby is also going in the way of truth given by God.

Methodology

This research is conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research design. It is chosen due to qualitative research has the nature setting, as the direct source of data and the research is the key instrument (Bogdan and Biklen, 1982: 31). They are also explaining that descriptive means the collected data are in the form of words rather than numbers, (Bogdan and Biklen, 1982).

This research was designed to find out types of figurative language used in Lodong Me ceremony. Descriptive qualitative research design is the one of which the researcher takes in the part of the interview guide and questionnaires. This research focused on describing and explained the types of figurative languages used in literature speech of Lodong Me ceremony.

The object of this study was Lodong Me ceremony in Wolokoli Village, Bola Subdistric of Sikka Regency. In collecting the data the writer used interview which using interview guidlined instrument and observation to observe the informants.

Result

The general meaning in oral literature of Lodong Me ceremony

The General Meaning Based on Lexical Meaning and Contextual Meaning

GENERAL MEANING
Local language	Nora ama, nora me la’I, nora spiritus santo, naran nimun…. Amen
Lexical meaning	With father,with child man, with spiritual saint, name,he/she….amen
Contextual meaning	An early symbol if someone (a Catholic) start of doing something.
Local language	Ina ama wue wari lu’ur dolor
Lexical meaning	Mother father brothers sisters close distant
Contextual meaning	Greeting for All people who was come in a ritual
Local language	Wi mogat mai ba’a utun lunun buan boer
Lexical meaning	Which all come already togetherness discussion
Contextual meaning	Togetherness to discuss something about the rituals
Local language	Mogat geke leder gole kleor, tura matan ara waen
Lexical meaning	All neighboring adjacent surround revolve,meet eyes to face
Contextual meaning	Together to unite hearts and minds
Local language	E’I Amang deos, lian pu’an wair matan moret itan
Lexical meaning	In God, hole start/begin water eyes life we/us
Contextual meaning	To the God is beginning and source of human life
Local language	Pu’at nimun, megu lekuk-mo’ong ra’ong
Lexical language	Cause/base she/he, affection remembered request again
Contextual meaning	Source of God’s love
Local language	Gu liko abo le’u ita mogat, mai tutur puter mudeng
Lexical meaning	So that shore up already we all, come talk twist straight
Local language	Harang toto le’u molo sara adat weli *lepo orin keluarga* Moan ……… nora du’a…….
Lexical meaning	Forbid/upbraid pure so that very good way tradition give *house family* Mr….with miss
Contextual meaning	The God, unites the family both of the baby’s parents to straighten out a problem and give clear advice based on tradition in the baby’s family
Local langauage	Epan dera sang beli lepo woga te’I,
Lexical Meaning	Good blissful give house this
Local Language	Wi Amang Deos Nian Seu,
Lexical Meaning	Couse God world/daylight heaven
Contextual Meaning	The God gives great happiness to the family who has had new baby
Local Language	Dete leder na plota pletuk beli Ina ata deri lepo Amang ata plamang woga.
Lexical Language	Tow nearby that oppress give mother people sit home father people guard house
Contextual Meaning	God has united, mother and father who has had new baby
Local language	Wua ba’a doi-a’e ba’a maeng
Lexical language	Birthing already little carry already soul
Contextual language	For the work of His creation, God gaves the family with new baby who still has a holy soul.
Local language	Sape ena te’i- lue koli sara adat, nian itan notion-tanah itan rang belan, ganu tei:
Lexcical meaning	Until moment this- promise like tradition world/daylight we/us advice- earth we/us voice defend, like this
Contextual meaning	So that should be made a tradition based on tradition on that place.
Local language	Raik bua ba’a doi, te naha bur beli nora awu, wawa DanJawa
Lexical meaning	if birthing already little, be must scatter give with dust, below yard
Local language	ga’e ba’a mora maeng di naha sedon beli nora teren, wawa woer poa,
Lexical meaning	Carry already with soul be must pounder give with bamboo below yard
Contextual meaning	If already have a new baby, than it should show the way to the turth and should announce the other people
Local language	loning: doi kesik me itan buan, pu itan puhun piren te’I,
Lexical meaning	Because: little small child our, nephew our flower forbidden this
Local language	Neing nora la’en: kudu kloit, unen puken-nain teman
Lexical meaning	There is with still/not yet: dirt, soul-breath closed
Contextual meaning	The baby’s soul and mind still holy and immaculate
Local language	Loning ganu tia: Ina nimun buan- ama nimung gaen, nora nara wa’a: Mo’a / du’a…..”
Lexical meaning	Because of it: mother his/her womb – father his/her, with name first: son / daughter
Local language	Topo ita sawet tena li’ar turan, Pele ita mogat iana rang regang,
Lexical language	Call us all to talk Hinder us all that so voice meet, together with soul of the dead mother miss- father mr
Contextual meaning	The baby’s mother and father Calling all of the family of baby’s parents to give the appreciation to the baby’s parents
Local language	hama-hama tora Nitu ina du’a-noan Ama mo’a Lepo woga papa rua
Lexcical meaning	Together with the ancestor Household cleave two
Contextual meaning	Togetherness with the ancestor both of thefamily of baby’s parents
Local language	Tena plota pletuk, tutur puter mudeng harang toto molo-molo
Lexical meaning	Make oppress, talk twist straight, advice to be good
Contextual meaning	Composing everything in heart and mind, to provide useful advice
Local language	Wur weli nora awu, sedon weli nora teren,
Lexical meaning	Scatter give with dust, pounder give with bamboo
Contextual meaning	Done the ritual scatter dust and pounder the bamboo
Local language	Wawa dan pu’an, boru e’I woer poa da’a lala gete wolo mula ongen, nora notion – nan belan weli
Lexical meaning	Below stair floor/start, until in yard until main road hill farming land, with advice give
Contextual meaning	Start from stair floor until the yard than main road to the hill farming land while giving advice
Local language	He me amin buan pua’an –pu amin puhun piren, anjo kesik
Lexical language	Hey, child our – nephew flower forbidden, angel small
Contextual meaning	Hey, our little angel that we love so much
Local language	Wi loning megu gete Amang Deos diat beli ba’a ami e’I lepo orin te’i
Lexical meaning	That because affection big God to give already our in house this
Contextual meaning	Graeat love of God to the family
Local language	lu’at na rema rua, diri sai meti wa plina sai molo-molo dena himo li’ar
Lexcical meaning	Tomorrow until latter, listen bring good to get conversation
Contextual meaning	Listen and understand the right thing for your future life
Local language	Gete reta bawo, gahar lau man, tenang liman die wan, ia na a’u lopa moret meha!
Lexical meaning	Big above, tall over there, open hand open mouth, that so you don’t live alone
Contextual meaning	The baby must his/her heart and mind so his/her can live together with other people
Local language	He nurak inan, me-pu hober amin
Lexical meaning	Hey young, child, nephew our successors
Contextual meaning	The baby who are the family heir
Local language	Mora uwung a’un bleler la’en ganu surat bura
Lexical menaning	With crown of head your sheer still like letter white
Contextual meaning	A holy child
Local language	Mora nain naran a’un temak la’en ganu petun napun blatan
Lexical meaning	With breath name your closed still like bamboo stream cool
Contextual meaning	The baby whose mind is still empty without sin
Local language	Nian reta bawo, lalan wali man,ne bega wi’in dadi rudun
Lexical meaning	World above, way over there, become damsel
contextual meaning	grow and develop into a bautiful person in the future
Local language	Raik nian wa’un, plipin ina a’un pirin, diri ina a’un kiring, kikir blon lopa kusing tilun.
Lexical language	if daylight night, present beside your mother listen to her advice do not close your heart and mind
Contextual meaning	If night comes, the child must be in the house and listen to the mother’s advice
Local meaning	Hu wa’u lero wawa, gon sai ama a’un korok, Plina ama a’un nao donen koko hori epak klewang lopa kape waen plaren na li’ar memek, Mora nete ata bi’an sawe.
Lexical meaning	if quiet sun below, shelter already father your flank, to hear father your advice pour palm wide don’t cover face rollicking be speak kind With all people person all
Contextual meaning	If the evening arrives, the child must be at home listening to his/her father’s advice to become a child friendly With all the people
Local language	Herin ba’a, ami hama-hama ina buan-ama ga’en
Lexical meaning	Side already, we together mother womb-father carry
Contextual meaning	Finally, the guest with the baby’s parents
Local language	Lepo gete papa rua, mora lu’ur dolor sawen, unen menong persaya teran
Lexical meaning	Home big cleave two, with kinfolk all, emotions unyielding believe strong
Contextual meaning	big family of the baby’s parents with close relatives who strongly belive
Local language	Kamang Deos Niang seu, mole ina Ratu Seu Dunia, ratu lepo orin amin
Lexical meaning	Hopefully God world heaven, besides mother queen heaven world, queen home oure
Contextual meaning	The family hopes God and mother Mary
Local language	Kamang diat beli benjer gete, dokang beli rahmet santo
Lexical meaning	Hopefully be give bless big, give mercy saint
Contextual meaning	The family hopes God gives grace and blessing
Local language	Ia na me amin buan- pu amn lu’ur te’I, ru beli dadi rudun
Lexical meaning	That so child our womb- nephew our close this, make give become beautiful
Contextual meaning	So the baby will be a good person
Local language	Meti menong naruk persaya molo nora Amang Seu Kristus ola song megu mo’ong Nimun nora ata bian sawe
Lexical meaning	bring thing believe right with father haven Christ place affection request he/she
Contextual meaning	the child’s life belives in the greatness of Jesus Christ who is compassionate to all people
Local language	Nadar teran wali udong maeng, ganu Inang Santa Maria, ameng beli nimu
Lexical language	Bring strong in soul,like mother marry, amen give he/she
Contextual meaning	May the mother Mary bless the baby to love others people as Jesus Christ
Local language	Gete reta bawo, dadi rudun wa’I bu’an, neti menong Krus santo,
Lexical meaning	big above become pretty, bring cross saint
Contextual meaning	Developed into a good person who always belive in Jesus
Local language	Nadir teran Kontas mitan gili wa’a, dena ngaji wa’I dais
Lexical language	Bring strong rosary black first, so pray ceaseless
Sentence meaning	Who always brings the rosary to pray diligently
Local language	Ia na naruk go’is, ansing hemu, lopa ane klageng sape to’I kalang le’u nimu
Lexical meaning	That so thing faulty also bad, don’t annoy branch until surpass horrible he/she
Contextual meaning	So that all ugliness does not bother the child
Local language	Na moret nora blino mahak, tebon mole maeng, moret blon-sugo dading sape nian poa woer.
Lexical meaning	So live with, body and soul, live long – still until world yard
Contextual meaning	So that the child will live in peace earn enternal happiness in new life
Local language	Herin Ba’a ami hawong raong
Lexical meaning	Finally already we request again
Contextual meaning	Finally, the family of baby’s parents with all the guests requesting again
Local language	Kamang ama seu diat beli (nona/nong) kesik mole ami mogan sawen
Lexical meaning	Hopefully father haven give girl/son little also us all
Contextual meaning	Hope God gives blessing to the baby and those who are present in the ritual
Local language	Benjer santo blatan bliran, tebo mole maeng da’a moret amin wutun ma toma olang senang- sareng dadin
Lexical meaning	Bless saint cool fresh, body also soul until live our the end go find place happy forever
Contextual meaning	The blessing of the God who gives the peace and the coolness in the soul to the end of life
Local language	Blatan ganu wair ubut naha lebur lekuk ganu tebuk lau detun,
Lexical meaning	cool like water sprout should be curve like flat
Contextual meaning	Refreshing the baby’s soul and mind will develops
Local language	Bliran ganu bao we’war weli wawa rahan bliran ganu bao
Lexical meaning	Fresh like fig tree sprinkle give under chest fresh like fig tree
Contextual meaning	Refresing the baby’s life
Local language	Bakut li’ar baka li’at ganu baki reta I’lin.
Lexical meaning	Coconut shoot,bloom like plant in the montain
Contextual meaning	The baby develops and gains peace

 

Types of Figurative language used in oral literature

Based on the table above, the using of figurative language in lodong me ceremony as follow;

Simile

It is a form of comparison between one thing to another unlike things usually the word like, as or such as.

a)    Mora uwung a’un bleler la’en ganu surat bura

·         The translation: with your crown still sheer as white paper

·         The reason: the sentences compare two things (crown of head and white paper) using word as.

·         The meaning: the sentence explain, the baby’s soul and mind still pure

b)    Mora nain naran aun temak laen ganu petun napun blatan

·         The translation: with your breath and name still covered like the bamboo in a cold stream

·         The reason: it is simile, because the sentence using word ganu to campare two things(nain naran temak and petun napun blatan).

·         The meaning: the sentence explain The baby whose mind is still empty without sinand the baby can not to differentiate the goodness and badness

c)     Blatan ganu wair,ubut naha lebur lekuk ganu tebuk lau detun

·         The translation: cold as water, the tip must be melted like a palm plant in a flat place

·         The reason: it is simile, because the sentence using words like.

·         The meaning: the sentences explain about the baby’s life will be comfortable and peaceful and his or her behavior will be good

d)    Bliran ganu bao we’war weli wawa rahan

·         The translation:cool as the fig tree sprinkle in chest

·         The reason: the sentence using word ganu mean like to compare two things.

·         The meaning: the sentence explain about the baby’s soul will be peaceful.

e)    Bakut li’ar baka liat ganu baki reta ilin

·         The translation: Coconut shoot,bloom like plant in the montain

·         The reason: the sentences using word ganu. Ganu means “as”.

·         The meaning: The baby develops and gains peace

Metaphor

            It is figure of language that compares two things not alike thing and doesn’t use the word like or as. Metaphors are widely used in contex to describe personal meaning.

a)    Mogat mai ba’a Utun lunun bua boer, mogat geke leder gole kleor tura matan ara wae

·         The translation: we have come together, sitting side by side facing each other

·         The reason: the sentences compare two things not alike thing (utun lunun and geke leder gole kleor) in this contex, the words utun lunun and geke leder gole kleor describe personal meaning which means togetherness.

·         The meaning: Together to unite hearts and minds both the family of the baby’s parents and Togetherness to discuss something about the rituals

b)    Amang Deos, lian pu’an wair matan moret itan

·         The translation: the God who is the spring of our lives

·         The reason: the sentences show two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in another important way.

·         The meaning: the God is the beginning and source of human life

c)     Mai tutur puter mudeng, harang toto molo sara adat weli lepo orin

·         The translation: came to giving talk and giving good advice like tradition in this family.

·         The reason: the sentences compare two things not alike and describe personal meaning.

·         The meaning: The God, unites the family both of the baby’s parents to straighten out a problem and give clear advice based on tradition in the baby’s family

d)    Wi Amang Deos Nian Seu, Dete leder na plota pletuk beli, ina ata deri lepo; ina du’a….. mole ama ata plamang woga;Ama mo’an…..

·         The translation: father of the universe, uniting and conferring the housewife; mother….. and the father as family protector; father…

·         The reason: the sentences show two thing that are not alike in most way are similar in another importan way

·         The meaning: God has united, mother and father who has had new baby and gives great blessing to the family by presenting a baby in that family

 

e)    Wua ba’a doi a’e ba’a maeng

·         The translation: already birthing a little and carrying a soul

·         The reason: the sentences show two thing that are not alike in most way are similar in another importan way

·         The meaning: accept a new life in which presented a baby.

f)     Raik bua ba’a doi, te naha bur beli nora awu, wawa Dan Jawa, ga’e ba’a mora maeng di naha sedon beli nora teren,

·         The translation: if already birthing a little, must scatter the dust

·         The reason: the sentences show two things not alike “wawa DanJawa” and “wawa woer poa” describe personal meaning. Both of the words has the same meaning, it is the front yard

·         The meaning: if ready birthing and carrying a baby, should be scattered the dust in the front yard

g)    Loning ganu tia;ina nimun buan ama nimun ga’en

·         The translation:because of the mother giving birth and the father carrying the baby

·         The reason: the sentence show two things not alike “buan” and “ga’en” but describing personal meaning because in this contex both of the words has the same meaning, it is a natural child

·         The mening: the baby’s parents

h)    Gete reta bawo gahar lau man, tenang liman die wan, iana au lopa moret meha

·         The translation: Big above, tall over there, open hand open mouth, so that you don’t live alone

·         The reason: the sentences show two thing that are not alike in most way are similar in another importan way

·         The meaning: develop and grow up become a friendly and sociable person with others, so the baby do not live alone

i)      Doi kesik me itan buan, pu itan puhun piren tei

·         The reason: the word buan means birth and puhun piren means forbbiden describing personal meaning.

·         The meaning: dearly beloved child

j)     Benjer santo blatan bliran, tebo mole maeng da’a moret amin wutun, ma toma olang senang- sareng dadin

·         The reason: the sentences show two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in another important way

·         The meaning: the chill blesing to our body and soul until the end of life which found blissful place forevermore

Antithesis

It contains contrastive ideas by using words or phrases.

a)    Ina ama,wue wari-luur dolor, wi mogat mai ba’a utun lunun

·         The translation: mother father, brother sister-near and far

·         The reason: the sentences used contrasting word and presented together, which “ina” is the opposite of“ama”, “wue” is the opposite of “wari”, “lu’ur” is the opposite of “dolor”

·         The meaning: ladies an gentlemen / yhe people who come in the rituals

b)    Ina ata deri lepo,Ama ata plamang woga

·         The translation: mother is a housewife and father is a patron of the family

·         The reason: the sentences used contrasting word that presented together.

·         The meaning: father and mother of the baby

c)     Mora lu’ur dolor sawen

·         The reason: the sentences used contrasting word that presented together which “lu’ur” is te opposite of dolor.

·         The meaning: all the family both of the baby’s parent and relatives

d)    Tebon mole maeng moret blon-sugo dading sape nian poa woer

·         The reason: the sentence using the sentences used contrasting word that presented together which tebon mean body maeng mean soul.

·         The meaning: The blessing of the God who gives the peace and the coolness in the soul to the end of life

Allegory

Allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events. This figure usually includes moral messages.

a)    Nian reta bawo, lalan wali man, ne bega wi’in dadi rudun, raik nian wa’un, plipin ina aun pirin, diri ina aun kiring, klikir blon lopa kusing tilun

·         The reason: this sentences uses figurative languages containing a moral messages

·         The meaning: grow and develop into a beautiful person in the futureand the child must be listen the mother’s advice

b)    Hu wa’u lero wawa, gon sai ama aun korok, plina ama aun nao donen koko hori epak klewang lopa kape waen plaren na li’ar memek mora nete ata bi’an sawe

·         The reason: this sentences uses figurative languages containing a moral messages

·         The meaning: hear correctly all the advice of your father, do not violet all this commands until you become a person who has a sanse of courtesy to everyone

c)     Kamang Deos Nian Seu mole ina Ratu Seu Dunia, ratu lepo orin amin, kamang diat beli benjer gete, dokang beli rahmet santo, iana me amin buan- pu a’min lu’ur te’I, ru beli dadi rudun, meti menong naruk persaya molo nora Amang Seu Kristus ola song megu mo’ong Nimun nora ata bian sawe, nadar teran wali udong maeng, ganu Inang Santa Maria, ameng beli nimu: gete reta bawo, dadi rudun wa’I bu’an, neti menong Krus santo, nadar teran Kontas mitan gili wa’a, dena ngaji wa’I dais, iana naruk gois,ansing hemu, lopa ane klageng sape to’I kalang le’u nimu, na moret nora blino mahak, tebon mole maeng, moret blon-sugo dading sape nian poa woer. Herin Ba’a ami hawong raong, kamang ama seu diat beli (nona/nong) kesik mole ami mogan sawen, benjer santo blatan bliran, tebo mole maeng da’a moret amin wutun, ma toma olang senang- sareng dadin

·         The reason: the sentences uses abstract ideas and principles are described in term of characters and figures.

·         The meaning: invited god to save the baby’s life so become a good person

Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a bold, deliberate overstatement not intended to be taken literary

a)    Moret nora blino mahak tebon mole maeng, moret blon-sugo dading sape nian poa woer

·         The translation: living in goodness, body and soul long life to the free world

·         The reason: the phrase uses words that are overstatement from true meaning

·         The meaning: the child will live in peace earn enternal happiness in new life

b)    Raik nian wa’un plipin ina a’un pirin

·         The translation: if day and night, take shelter at your mother’s waist

·         The reason: the phrase uses words that are overstatement from true meaning.

·         The meaning: in the day and the night, the child must be present beside in his /her mother

c)     Hu wau lero wawa gon sai ama aun korok

·         The translation: at dusk comes, take shelter in your dad’s ribs

·         The reason: the phrase uses words that are overstatement from true meaning.

·         The meaning: in the night the baby must be present beside his/her father

d)    Benjer santo blatan bliran, tebo mole maeng da’a moret amin wutun, ma toma olang senang saren dadin

·         The translation: the blessing of the saint that cools, body and soul to the end of our lives finds a place of enternal happiness

·         The reason: the phrase uses words that are overstatement from true meaning.

·         The meaning: The blessing of the God who gives the peace and the coolness in the soul to the end of life

Apostrophe

Apostrophe is a figure of speech in which absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as it if were alive and present.

a)    Wi Amang Deos Nian Seu, dete leder na plota pletuk beli, Ina ata deri lepo: Inan du’a……., mole ama ata plamang woga: Amang mo’an…… Wua ba’a doi- a’e ba’a maeng.

·         The translation: because the God of the universe, has united and provided abundance for the mother who is the housewife and the father who is the support of the family that has given birth and carry the soul.

·         The reason: the sentence uses the word Amang Deos which does not present in the celebration. Amang Deos means The God.

·         The meaning: the God who have united woman and men, and gave each of their responsibiliyies of childbirth and upbringing until he grew up

b)    Loning ganu tia: Ina nimun buan- ama nimun gaen, nora nara wa’a: Mo’a / du’a…..” Topo ita sawet tena li’ar turan, pele ita mogat ia na rang regang, hama-hama tora Nitu ina du’a-noan Ama mo’a

·         The translation: therefore, the real mother and father of the baby call all of us to meet and speak together with the ancestors.

·         The reason: the sentence uses the word the ancestors who does not present in the celebration

·          The meaning: the baby’s parent invited all the guest to meet and talk with the ancestors

Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech that uses a concept closely related to the thing actually meant.

a)    Raik bua ba’a doi te naha bur beli nora awu wawa danjawa, ga’e ba’a mora maeng di naha sedon beli nora teren wawa woer poa.

·         The reason: the sentences uses words doi and maeng. The words doi and maeng uses a concept closely related to the actually meant. The words doi and maeng means the baby

·         The meaning: if have given birth and holding a baby then have to sprinkle dust and sound bamboo at the front yard of house.

b)    Epan dera sang beli lepo woga tei

·         The reason: the sentence uses word lepo woga that closely related to the actually meant. The word lepo woga mean the house or home.

·         The meaning: the happiness that is present in the home

c)     Topo ita sawet tena li’ar turan, pele ita mogat ia na rang regang, hama-hama tora Nitu ina du’a-noan Ama mo’a, lepo woga papa rua, tena plota pletuk, tutur puter mudeng harang toto molo

·         The reason: the sentences uses the words that closely related to the actually meant. ita sawet and ita mogat means all of us, lepo woga papa rua means the family both of the baby’s parents, tutur and harang means giving advice

·         The meaning: call all of us together meet the ancestors and the family both of the baby’s parent to giving advice

d)    Herin ba’a, ami hama-hama ina buan-ama ga’en lepo gete papa rua, mora lu’ur dolor sawen, unen menong persaya teran,

·         The reason: the sentence uses the words that closely related to the actually meant. ina buan-ama ga’en means biological mother and father that believed

·         The meaning: all of us believed with the God

e)    Herin Ba’a ami hawong raong

·         The translation: we ask again

·         The reason: the sentence uses the words that closely related to the actually meant. Ami means all the people that come in the celebration

Synecdohce

This type of figurative language uses a part of something to refer to the whole.

a)    Ina ama,wue wari-lu’ur dolor

·         The reason: the sentences uses the words that explaining the whole. The words Ina ama,wue wari-lu’ur dolor explaining the guest who has come in the celebration

·         The meaning: ladies and gentlemen

b)    Topo ita sawet tena li’ar turan, pele ita mogat ia na rang regang, hama-hama tora Nitu ina du’a-noan Ama mo’a, lepo woga papa rua, tena plota pletuk, tutur puter mudeng harang toto molo

c)     Wi loning megu gete amang Deos diat beli ami ei lepo orin tei

·         The reason: the sentences use the words that explaining the whole. The words ami ei lepo orin tei explaining the family that have new baby.

·         The meaning: the God gives abundant blessings to this family

d)    Herin ba’a ami hawong ra’ong

·         The translation: we ask again

·         The reason: the word ami explaining the the family both of the baby;s parents and the guest who was come in the celebration.

 

 

Symbolism

Symbol is a thing (could be an object, person situation or action) which stands for something else more abstract.

a)    Amang deos liang pu’an wair matan moret itan

·         The reason: the words liang pu’an wair matan as a symbol of human life that comes from God

·         The meaning: the God as the beginning and source of human life

b)    Me itan buan Pu itan puhun piren te’i

·         The reason: the words of puhun mean bunga piren mean forbidden but in this contex puhun piren explain a beloved child / the heart

·         The meaning: dearly beloved child

c)     Wur weli nora awu

·         The translation: should scatter the dusts

·         The reason: the word dusts as symbol the path of truth

·         The meaning: must give way to the truth

d)    Uwung aun bleler la’en ganu surat bura

·         The translation: your crown is still thin like white paper

·         The reason: the word white paper is a symbol of purity

·         The meaning: the soul of the baby is still sacred

e)    Mora nara nain a’un temak la’en ganu petun napun blatan

·         The translation: with your breath still covered like the bamboo in a cold stream

·         The reason: in this contex the word bamboo in a cold stream is the symbol without the sin

·         The meaning: the baby can’t to differentiate the goodness and badness

f)     Sedon weli nora teren

·         The translation: by sounding bamboo

·         The reason: the sound of bamboo as a symbol that the

baby present to living together with family and people

Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables.

a)    He me amin buan pua’n pu amin puhun piren

·         The reason: the sounds of the words is initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: a very beloved child

b)    Utun lunun bua boer

·         The reason: the sounds of the words is initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: togetherness

c)     Geke leder gole kleor

·         The reason: the sounds of the words are initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: join together

d)    Gete reta bawo gahar lau man tenang liman die wan, ia na a’u lopa moret meha

·         The reason: the sounds of the words is initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: The baby must open his/her soul and mind so the baby will be live together with others people

e)    Raik nian wa’un plipin ama a’un pirin diri ina aun kiring kikir blon lopa kusing tilun.

·         The reason: the sounds of the words is initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: If night comes, the child must be in the house and listen to his or her mother’s advice

f)     Bakut li’ar baka li’at ganu baki reta I’lin

·         The reason: the sounds of the words is initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: The baby develops and gains peace

g)    Bliran ganu bao we’war weli wawa rahan bliran ganu bao

·         The reason: the sounds of the words are initial consonant sounds.

·         The meaning: Refresing the baby’s life

Assonance

Assonance is a resemblance of sound in words or syllables

a)    Megu lekuk mo’ong ra’ong

·         The reason: the words mo’ong and ra’ong have the resemblance of sound

·         The meaning: asking God’s mercy

b)    Blatan ganu wair ubut naha lebu lekuk ganu tebuk lau detun

·         The reason: the word “ubut,lebu,lekuk and tebuk” have the resemblance of sound

·         The meaning: Refreshing the baby’s soul and mind will develops

Conclusion

From the classification was made, the writer found the figurative language which is dominantly used in Lodong Me ceremony is metaphor. The figure of speech implies that Du’a Mo’an in Wolokoli society speaks clearly and not ambiguous in meaning. Where in Lodong Me scrips, simile appear five times, metaphor appear eleven times, antithesis appear four times, allegory appear three times, hyperbole appear four times, apostrophe appear two times, metonymy appear six times, synecdoche appear five times, symbolism appear seven times, alliteration appear seven times and assonance appear five times and paralellism one time.

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